Overview on Nanoparticle Classes, Design and Perspectives

"Nanotechnology" refers to a broad range of scientific disciplines, including energy storage, chemistry, surface phenomenon, molecular studies, semiconductor science, engineering, microfabrication, and molecular engineering. Particulate systems such as nanoparticles have been employed as a physical means of modifying and enhancing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of several kinds of medicinal compounds. Nanoparticles are applied in vivo to safeguard the drug entity in the bloodstream, limit the drug's access to certain locations, and administer the medication to the site of action at a steady and regulated rate. Enhanced performance above their parent material and flexible nature make nanoparticles (NPs) significantly important in the advancement of technology. Numerous methods, including the dispersion of premade polymers, the polymerization of monomers, and the ionic gelation or co-acerbation of water-based polymers, were used to generate nanoparticles. In this chapter, various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, their characterizing techniques and important applications are discussed.